Cover of The First Ladies

The First Ladies

by Marie Benedict


Genre
Historical Fiction
Year
2023
Pages
401
Contents

Chapter 32

Overview

Eleanor and Sara Roosevelt orchestrate a tea that forces President Roosevelt to meet NAACP leader Walter White. White delivers a compelling case for federal anti-lynching legislation. Franklin, wary of losing Southern Democrats and jeopardizing the New Deal, refuses to back Costigan–Wagner, revealing the administration’s political limits and redirecting the fight to alternative avenues.

Summary

On May 7, 1934, Eleanor hosts a tea on the White House South Portico with Sara Delano Roosevelt and NAACP director Walter White, timed to coincide with President Roosevelt’s return. The meeting is a carefully staged “chance” encounter to secure an audience Franklin has avoided. Sara even serves White tea, underscoring her support against lynching.

Franklin arrives visibly furious, likely at being maneuvered and at being seen in his wheelchair. Sara deploys maternal guilt to keep him at the table, and Eleanor opens with safer ground: letters from struggling Black families and coordination with Harry Hopkins. Franklin relaxes and engages on relief.

Eleanor then pivots to the anti-lynching bill. With Sara’s firm backing, Walter White stands and presents clear statistics—5,000 lynchings in fifty years, roughly one every four days—and argues that absent a federal statute, authorities cannot stop vigilante mobs, producing anarchy. Franklin listens, but his expression hardens as he weighs political costs.

After White urges support for the Costigan–Wagner Bill, Franklin accuses someone of priming White and looks to Eleanor. Sara claims responsibility for arranging the meeting and urging him to end lynching. Eleanor privately mourns the distance between Franklin’s early idealism and his current caution.

Franklin declares sympathy but refuses to endorse the bill, arguing Southern Democrats would abandon him and block New Deal legislation, harming millions who need aid. He insists there must be another way to address lynching, but confirms he will not support Costigan–Wagner.

Who Appears

  • Eleanor Roosevelt
    First Lady; orchestrates the staged meeting, frames relief concerns, pivots to anti-lynching, and reflects on Franklin’s political trade-offs.
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt
    President; arrives furious, engages reluctantly, rejects Costigan–Wagner to preserve Southern support for the New Deal.
  • Sara Delano Roosevelt
    Franklin’s mother; co-hosts the tea, applies guilt, supports anti-lynching, and takes responsibility for arranging the meeting.
  • Walter White
    NAACP director; presents data and a forceful case for federal anti-lynching law in the White House encounter.
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