The First Ladies
by Marie Benedict
Contents
Chapter 34
Overview
Eleanor clashes with Steve Woodburn over a memo condemning Walter White’s pressure on the president. In the Oval Office, Franklin urges her to skip the NAACP conference honoring Mary to placate Southern Democrats and safeguard Social Security. Eleanor, torn, considers using compliance to secure Mary a federal role.
Summary
After walking Mary McLeod Bethune to her cab following a planning meeting for Eleanor’s NAACP conference speech, Eleanor is confronted by Steve Woodburn. He criticizes her NAACP affiliation, her attendance at the anti-lynching art exhibit, and especially Walter White’s persistent communications to the president. Woodburn soon delivers a memo labeling White a troublemaker and demanding the barrage stop.
Incensed, Eleanor storms into the Oval Office to confront Franklin. He acknowledges Woodburn’s abrasive style but echoes concern that Walter White’s pressure and Eleanor’s open association invite political backlash, even repeating a senator’s racist slur. Eleanor rebukes the framing—insisting she’d be proud to have “Negro blood” and would press just as hard—and says she’ll see White at the NAACP conference honoring Mary.
Franklin then urges Eleanor not to attend the conference, despite Mary receiving the Spingarn Medal and Eleanor’s promise to speak. He argues attendance could alienate Southern Democrats and jeopardize passage of the Social Security Act, appealing to the broader New Deal stakes.
Shaken, Eleanor weighs loyalty to Mary and Walter against the administration’s priorities. She questions whether Franklin uses her advocacy to appease marginalized groups without risking Southern support. By chapter’s end, she tentatively decides she may comply—not due to Franklin’s demand, but to leverage the concession into securing Mary a place within the New Deal apparatus.
Who Appears
- Eleanor RooseveltFirst Lady; defends Walter White, resists Steve Woodburn, clashes with FDR, and considers leveraging a concession to advance Mary’s influence.
- Franklin D. RooseveltPresident; asks Eleanor to skip the NAACP conference to protect Southern Democrats and secure Social Security passage.
- Steve WoodburnPresidential aide; confronts Eleanor and issues a memo condemning Walter White’s lobbying as troublesome.
- Mary McLeod BethuneCivil rights leader; slated to receive the NAACP Spingarn Medal; Eleanor planned to deliver her honoring speech.
- Walter WhiteNAACP executive; his persistent letters and images to the president spark Woodburn’s complaint and political pushback.
- TommyEleanor’s secretary; receives and passes Woodburn’s memo, witnessing Eleanor’s reaction.