The First Ladies
by Marie Benedict
Contents
Chapter 54
Overview
Mary’s brief victory from June unravels as discrimination persists and the Federal Council fractures. A presidential press release, apparently shaped by Steve Woodburn, confirms Black training and advancement but codifies segregation as policy. Mary and Walter recognize the grave setback and resolve to press the president for immediate correction.
Summary
In October 1940, Mary notes brief unity inside the Federal Council after General Watson confirmed the June agreement with President Roosevelt. That momentum collapses as reports show Black volunteers still being rejected or confined to menial duties, with segregated, substandard barracks. The Council reads this as presidential appeasement and begins to splinter.
At NCNW, Dovey Johnson advises Mary to keep sending meeting invitations to assert continuity despite poor attendance. Mary turns to fundraising correspondence when Walter White calls with urgent news from the president’s office.
Walter summarizes a new press release: it confirms pilot and combat training and opportunities for advancement for Black servicemen, aligning with Mary’s negotiated terms. But Steve Woodburn’s closing line declares the War Department will maintain a policy against intermingling white and Black troops, effectively formalizing segregation.
Mary and Walter conclude Woodburn exploited the announcement to entrench segregation without legislation, risking decades of setback. Angry but focused, Mary resolves to force a correction, while Walter insists the president must act to reverse the damage.
Who Appears
- Mary McLeod BethuneNCNW leader; confronts ongoing military discrimination; reels at policy formalizing segregation; vows to force presidential correction.
- Walter WhiteCalls with the press release; parses its implications; urges that the president act to reverse the harm.
- Steve WoodburnAdministration official blamed for inserting language maintaining segregated units, effectively codifying military segregation.
- Dovey JohnsonMary’s capable aide; advises continuing Federal Council invitations to assert leadership amid splintering.
- General WatsonPreviously confirmed the June agreement; his earlier assurance contrasts with the damaging new policy line.