The First Ladies
by Marie Benedict
Contents
Chapter 4
Overview
Eleanor manages tensions at the luncheon as her mother-in-law arrives and Mrs. Moreau seeks to exclude Mary McLeod Bethune. A 1918 flashback reveals Franklin’s affair with Lucy Mercer and the negotiated, public-facing marriage that followed. Bethune recounts building her school through bold fundraising. The women’s bond deepens as Bethune credits Eleanor’s courage in inviting her.
Summary
Eleanor Roosevelt spots her mother-in-law circulating among society leaders at the New York luncheon and braces for criticism of her independent projects. The older woman joins Eleanor and Mary McLeod Bethune, politely praising education while signaling disapproval of Eleanor’s endeavors like the Todhunter School, Val-Kill Industries, and political organizing.
A flashback to 1918 surfaces: Eleanor’s mother-in-law discovers Franklin Roosevelt’s letters revealing an affair with Lucy Mercer, curses the betrayal, and offers to support Eleanor through divorce. She then proposes an alternative—remaining married in name only while Eleanor builds an independent life. Eleanor agrees; years later, she and Franklin sleep separately and present unity mainly for family and shared beliefs.
Back in 1927, Mrs. Moreau tries to pull the mother-in-law away, implicitly pressing for Bethune’s exclusion. Eleanor and Bethune wryly note the gap between theoretical support for women and practical constraints. Eleanor recalls the controlling adjacent townhouses and affirms she prefers her service work to returning to her husband’s political circuit, especially after Franklin’s polio.
Shifting to Bethune’s school, Eleanor asks about its origins. Bethune explains buying a former garbage dump with money from selling sweet potato pies, securing funds from James Gamble to pay off the land and erect a brick building, and later winning support from Thomas H. White after he saw students struggling with a broken Singer sewing machine.
Eleanor contrasts Bethune’s tenacity with her own easier purchase of Todhunter. When Eleanor suggests they differ, Bethune jokes the true difference is party—Republican versus Democrat—before turning serious to credit Eleanor’s “courage in droves” for inviting her to the luncheon, underscoring their growing alliance.
Who Appears
- Eleanor RooseveltPoint-of-view narrator; manages her mother-in-law, recalls Franklin’s affair, resists politics, and affirms her independent public service.
- Mary McLeod BethuneEducator guest; shares how she built her school through bold fundraising and recognizes Eleanor’s courage in inviting her.
- Eleanor’s mother-in-lawJoins the table, politely controlling; once steered Eleanor toward a public marriage after Franklin’s infidelity.
- Mrs. MoreauClub leader who tries to enlist the mother-in-law to exclude Mary McLeod Bethune from the dining room.
- Franklin D. RooseveltOffstage; his 1918 affair with Lucy Mercer leads to a marriage of convenience; recovering from polio.
- Lucy MercerFranklin’s former lover; her affair with him triggers Eleanor’s marital reevaluation.
- James GambleEarly benefactor who helped fund Bethune’s school building in Daytona Beach.
- Thomas H. WhiteSewing machine magnate who became a major donor after seeing poor classroom equipment.