The First Ladies
by Marie Benedict
Contents
Chapter 33
Overview
Eleanor publicly supports the NAACP’s relocated anti-lynching art exhibit despite threats, with Earl at her side by FDR’s order. Guided by Walter White and joined by Mary Bethune, she confronts searing artworks that expose communal complicity in lynching. The experience reorients strategy toward art-driven public awareness after legislative defeat.
Summary
On a frigid February night in 1935, Eleanor arrives at the Arthur U. Newton Gallery for the NAACP’s An Art Commentary on Lynching. Earl unusually escorts her inside, acting on President Roosevelt’s orders due to death threats that forced the exhibit’s relocation from Jacques Seligmann. Eleanor recalls battling Franklin over attending; only after two more lynchings did he relent.
Inside, Eleanor greets Walter White and Mary Bethune, shaking hands in view of a mixed crowd. They frame the exhibit as a new tactic after FDR’s refusal to support the anti-lynching bill, aiming to push the issue into mainstream consciousness. Walter emphasizes letting the art speak to spur action.
Walter introduces artist Hale Woodruff and his work By Parties Unknown, depicting a bound lynching victim left on church steps. Woodruff explains the title’s common use to shield perpetrators. Mary and Eleanor probe the church setting, and Woodruff highlights the lynchers’ hypocrisy. The image’s visceral impact affects even Earl.
They conclude at Reginald Marsh’s sketch captioned “This is her first lynching,” which reconfigures a seemingly festive crowd into a mob initiating a child into racial violence. Eleanor finds it the most disturbing piece, recognizing how communities normalize atrocity. She affirms a hard lesson: inaction in the face of racism is acquiescence.
Who Appears
- Eleanor RooseveltFirst Lady; attends NAACP anti-lynching exhibit despite threats; moved by art; denounces inaction.
- Walter WhiteNAACP leader; organizes and guides the exhibit; seeks mainstream attention to lynching’s brutality.
- Mary McLeod BethuneEleanor’s ally; supports the exhibit; emphasizes shifting to public awareness after legislative failure.
- EarlEleanor’s protective escort; accompanies her by FDR’s order; visibly affected by the exhibit.
- Hale WoodruffArtist and Atlanta University teacher; explains his painting By Parties Unknown and its title’s meaning.
- Franklin D. RooseveltPresident; initially resists Eleanor’s attendance, then relents; his caution redirects efforts to awareness.