James
by Percival Everett
Contents
CHAPTER 28
Overview
At the Virginia Minstrels’ camp, James learns that Daniel Decatur Emmett expects him to replace their missing tenor. Emmett tries to frame the arrangement as employment rather than slavery, but his claim is undercut by the bill of sale and by the troupe’s immediate preparation of James for a degrading blackface performance. The chapter deepens the novel’s examination of racial performance by showing James caught between genuine musical ability, coercion, and humiliation.
Summary
James arrives with the Virginia Minstrels at their camp outside town and is immediately unsettled by the men’s manner. Cassidy, a trombone player, offers James coffee and speaks to him in exaggerated dialect. James cannot tell whether Cassidy is mocking him or trying to put him at ease, and that mix of casual kindness and performance makes the troupe feel strange and threatening.
Daniel Decatur Emmett then tells James what he wants from him: to sing. When James asks what he is supposed to do, Emmett says he did not buy James but hired him as a tenor. Emmett adds that he and the other performers oppose slavery, though he quickly distinguishes that from abolitionism; they are not trying to free James, only to fill a musical role in their group.
The troupe begins rehearsing, and Emmett teaches James songs including “Ole Dan Tucker” and “Jimmy Crack Corn.” James joins the choruses and genuinely enjoys the sound of the instruments and the band, even while he remains skeptical of Emmett’s claim that he is not a slave. James knows Emmett paid Wiley for him and almost certainly holds a bill of sale, so the language of “hiring” does not change the reality of ownership.
After the songs, a tall, thin troupe member gives James a pile of clothes and tells him to put them on. In the tent, James struggles into wool trousers, a shirt, a vest, and a tie. The rough clothing makes him overheated and irritates the open wounds on his leg, showing that even the troupe’s apparent generosity carries physical discomfort and control.
When James comes back out, the men laugh at how he is dressed, but Cassidy gently fixes his clothes and ties the tie for him. Emmett approves the result except for the lack of shoes, since their former tenor left wearing his own. A heavy-set troupe member solves the problem by saying bare feet will suit the act because they can black James like the rest of him, ending the chapter with the humiliating reality that James is being prepared as part of a minstrel performance built on racial caricature.
Who Appears
- Jamesnewly acquired singer; distrusts the troupe’s kindness and realizes he is being prepared for minstrel performance
- Daniel Decatur Emmettminstrel leader who bought James, calls him a hired tenor, and teaches him the troupe’s songs
- Cassidytrombone player who offers James coffee, speaks kindly, and helps dress him for the act
- Tall, thin troupe memberunnamed performer who hands James the stage clothes and orders him to put them on
- Heavy-set troupe memberunnamed performer who suggests blacking James and using his bare feet in the performance